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Submitted
May 8, 2025
Accepted
August 14, 2025
Published
December 1, 2025
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Abstract

Dual linear polarized cross-slot patch antenna is a good candidate for modern base station antennas in sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) cellular communications due to its low profile, low cost and moderate bandwidth. The best-obtained results of the single antenna design demonstrate a wide impedance bandwidth of 19.72% (3.2–3.9 GHz) for VSWR < 1.4, isolation of less than 50 dB between both ports, and a high gain of 10.5 dBi. The designed dual-polarized antenna was placed in a two-element array that is formed once with and once without via pins in two cases: 1- vertical/horizontal polarization. 2- ±45° slant polarization. The radiation pattern in both incidents has been studied and reported. In case one, the results show that the mutual coupling deteriorates the radiation pattern with the side lobe of around -12.6 dB at 3.4 GHz. However, the sidelobe level is better at the level of -19 dB, although not acceptable in the case of square vias. The S11 is good from 3.25 GHz to 3.7 GHz (450 MHz). Similarly, the gain is 13.5 dBi without a via and with a via. A great result: an increase from 10.5 dBi for a single element to 13.5 dBi for a two-antenna array. In case two, the best result obtained in this scenario is that the S11 is below –10 dB from 3.2 to 3.9 (700 MHz) without the use of vias. The 45-degree slant radiation patterns of the antenna, which are plotted in both perpendicular radiations. Both co-polar and cross-polar patterns are shown and are overlaid. The VSWR is less than 1.5 in all cases. The results obtained and the compatibility achieved in the direction allow for the possibility of using this antenna in many applications in modern communications systems, such as advanced antenna systems (AAS) and radars.

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Copyright (c) 2025 The Author(s), under exclusive license to the University of Thi-Qar

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